Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset. Clinically, it is characterized by general dementia such as memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, cognition, impairment of visual spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and personality and behavior changes. So far, the cause is unknown. Currently, the number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in China ranks first in the world. And only 21% of patients got standardized diagnosis. However, the diagnosis and treatment rate of Alzheimer’s disease is in sharp contrast to the incidence. 49% of cases were mistaken for natural aging, and only 19.6% received medication. The low diagnosis rate is one of the main reasons for the high incidence of Alzheimer's disease in my country.

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Professor Philip Scheltens from the Vrije Universiteit Medical Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, reviewed nearly 110 years of research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers.He pointed out that the diagnosis of AD has shifted from the original clinical diagnosis in 1984 to the diagnosis of objective biomarkers.At the 2017AAIC conference, the speaker announced in advance the 2018 NIA/AA biomarkers as the new standard for AD diagnosis. When the patient is tested positive for Aβ (A+) and Tau positive (T+), whether neurodegeneration or neuronal damage is positive (N+) or negative (N-), the patient can be clearly diagnosed as AD. AD7C-NTP, Tau-181, and Aβ1-42 biomarkers detect AD with simple operation, strong specificity and high sensitivity, and are suitable for early census.

SPR-AD7C detection clinical application

AD7C-NTP is a member of the neurofilament protein family. It is expressed in neurons and is located in the axons of nerve cells. Studies have shown that the overexpression of the AD7c-NTP gene in the transfected nerve cells promotes the occurrence of neuritis and cell death, And through in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining, it was found that the increased expression of AD7c-NTP appeared in degenerated neurons with intact histology.Prove that the expression of abnormal AD7c-NTP protein is an early event of AD neurodegeneration, In the early stages of the disease, the level of AD7c-NTP in the cerebrospinal fluid has a significant positive correlation with the severity of dementia. Therefore, AD7c-NTP is used as a new molecular marker to diagnose the elderly who have not yet developed symptoms or have early symptoms. Preventive treatment before the onset of symptoms is of great value to delay the time of onset.

Testing clinical applications for SPR-Tau-181& Aβ1-42

Human phosphorylated Tau-181 protein is formed by abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the brain. p-tau-181 causes abnormal entanglement of microtubule spiral filaments to form NFT, human β amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42).

It is produced by the cleavage of brain amyloid precursor protein through proteolysis. Aβ1-42 is more aggregating and neurotoxic, which promotes the formation of SP. Aβ promotes the phosphorylation of Tau protein, and Tau protein mediates the neurotoxicity of Aβ. Aβ and Tau protein interact with each other and promote the development of AD.